What is the function of pollen in a bee colony?

Pollen plays a critical role in the nutrition of bee colonies, particularly for the rearing of brood. It is rich in protein and is essential for the growth and development of bee larvae. Worker bees collect pollen from flowering plants and bring it back to the hive, where it is stored in cells and mixed with nectar or honey to create a nutrient-rich food source known as "bee bread."

This protein-rich food is vital because bee larvae require a high-protein diet for proper development into healthy adult bees. In contrast, while nectar serves as the primary energy source due to its sugar content, pollen specifically provides the necessary proteins and fats that young bees need during their critical growth stages. Consequently, the role of pollen in brood rearing emphasizes its importance within the ecosystem of the hive, ensuring that the colony thrives and continues to grow effectively.