What is the function of the hypopharyngeal glands in worker bees?

The hypopharyngeal glands in worker bees are primarily responsible for producing royal jelly and the jelly that is used to feed larvae. These glands are located in the head of the worker bees and are especially notable during the larval feeding period. The secretions from these glands are rich in proteins, sugars, and lipids, making them crucial for the growth and development of young bees. Royal jelly, in particular, is fed to all larvae during the first few days of their development but is provided continuously to those that will become queens, which contributes to their unique development compared to worker and drone bees. This function highlights the role of worker bees in nurturing the next generation within the hive, ensuring the survival and health of the colony.

The other options—storing honey and pollen, regulating hive temperature, and secreting pheromones—refer to other physiological functions or behaviors in the hive but do not pertain specifically to the hypopharyngeal glands.